How the CEFR Levels were introduced
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The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, also known as CEFR, was published in 2001 after extensive research. This framework outlines the abilities and efficiency of language users who have acquired a new language. The CEFR levels serve as a guide to determine the various levels of language proficiency of users.
The CEFR is a valuable tool for language learners, educators, and employers alike. It provides a clear and concise way to measure language proficiency and helps individuals set achievable goals for language learning. The framework is widely recognized and used throughout Europe and beyond, making it an essential resource for anyone interested in language acquisition.
Whether you are a language learner looking to improve your skills, an educator seeking to assess your student's abilities, or an employer seeking to evaluate language proficiency, the CEFR is an invaluable resource. With its comprehensive and standardized approach, the CEFR is an essential tool for anyone interested in language learning and proficiency.
| A Beginners level | A1 A2 |
| B Intermediate level | B1 |
| C Advanced level | C1 |
CEFR-Level A1 (Beginners)
Spoken Interaction - You possess the ability to effortlessly participate in any conversation or discussion, and have a strong familiarity with idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. You are able to fluently express yourself and convey precise shades of meaning. In the rare event that you encounter difficulty, you are able to smoothly backtrack and restructure your thoughts without others even noticing.
Spoken Interaction (Simplified) - You can interact in a simple way, as long as the other person is willing to speak slowly and help you formulate your thoughts. You can ask and answer basic questions on familiar topics.
Spoken Production - You are able to use simple phrases and sentences to describe your living situation and the people you know.
Listening - You can recognize familiar words and basic phrases related to yourself, your family, and your immediate surroundings when spoken slowly and clearly.
Writing - You can write short and simple messages, such as holiday greetings on a postcard, and fill out personal information on forms, such as your name, nationality, and address on a hotel registration form.
Reading - You can understand familiar names, words, and very simple sentences, such as those found on notices, posters, and catalogs.
Spoken Interaction - When it comes to communicating in simple and routine tasks, you're a pro! You can easily exchange information on familiar topics and activities. However, when it comes to social exchanges, you may struggle to keep the conversation going.
- Spoken Production - You have the ability to describe your family and other people, living conditions, educational background, and your present or most recent job using a series of phrases and sentences. You're able to do so in simple terms, making it easy for others to understand.
- Listening - You have a good grasp of phrases and high-frequency vocabulary related to areas of immediate personal relevance. This includes basic personal and family information, shopping, local area, and employment. You're also able to catch the main point in short, clear, and simple messages and announcements.
- Writing - When it comes to writing, you're able to handle short and simple notes and messages relating to matters in areas of immediate need. You can even write a basic personal letter, such as a thank you note.
- Reading - You're able to read very short and simple texts with ease. You're also able to find specific and predictable information in everyday materials such as advertisements, prospectuses, menus, and timetables. Additionally, you can understand short and simple personal letters.
- Spoken Interaction - When traveling to a foreign country, it's important to be able to communicate effectively with the locals. With this level of proficiency, you'll be able to handle most situations that arise. You'll be able to engage in conversations on topics that are familiar to you, such as family, hobbies, work, travel, and current events.
- Spoken Production - In addition to being able to understand others, you'll also be able to express yourself in a simple way. You'll be able to connect phrases to describe your experiences, dreams, hopes, and ambitions. You'll also be able to give brief reasons and explanations for your opinions and plans. Furthermore, you'll be able to narrate a story or describe the plot of a book or film and share your reactions.
- Listening - Being able to understand what others are saying is crucial when traveling. With this level of proficiency, you'll be able to comprehend the main points of clear, standard speech on familiar topics encountered in work, school, and leisure activities. You'll also be able to understand the main points of many radio or TV programs on current affairs or topics of personal or professional interest, as long as the delivery is relatively slow and clear.
- Writing - Writing is another important aspect of communication. With this level of proficiency, you'll be able to write simple, connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest. You'll also be able to write personal letters describing your experiences and impressions.
- Reading - Finally, being able to read and comprehend texts is essential when traveling. With this level of proficiency, you'll be able to understand texts that consist mainly of high-frequency, everyday, or job-related language. You'll also be able to understand the description of events, feelings, and wishes in personal letters.
- Spoken Interaction - You possess the ability to converse fluently and spontaneously, allowing you to engage in regular discussions with native speakers. You are able to actively participate in conversations within familiar contexts, while also being able to account for and sustain your views.
- Spoken Production - You are capable of presenting clear and detailed descriptions of a wide range of subjects related to your field of interest. Additionally, you can explain your viewpoint on topical issues, providing the advantages and disadvantages of various options.
- Listening - You have the ability to understand extended speeches and lectures, even when the topic is complex, provided it is reasonably familiar. You can also comprehend most TV news and current affairs programs, as well as the majority of films in standard dialect.
- Writing - You can write clear and detailed texts on a wide range of subjects related to your interests. You are able to write essays or reports, conveying information and providing reasons in support of or against a particular point of view. Furthermore, you can write letters that highlight the personal significance of events and experiences.
- Reading - You have the ability to read articles and reports that address contemporary problems, in which the writers adopt particular attitudes or viewpoints. You can also understand contemporary literary prose. Overall, your language proficiency is impressive, allowing you to communicate effectively in a variety of situations. Your skills in speaking, listening, writing, and reading are well-developed, enabling you to engage in meaningful conversations and comprehend complex information.
- Spoken Interaction - You possess the ability to communicate fluently and spontaneously without struggling to find the right words. You are adept at using language in a flexible and effective manner, both in social and professional settings. You have the skill to articulate your ideas and opinions with precision and can seamlessly integrate your contributions with those of other speakers.
- Spoken Production - You have the ability to deliver clear and detailed descriptions of complex subjects, incorporating sub-themes, developing specific points, and concluding with an appropriate summary.
- Listening - You possess the skill to comprehend extended speech, even when it lacks clear structure and relationships are only implied and not explicitly stated. You can easily understand television programs and films without much effort.
- Writing - You can express yourself in clear and well-structured text, conveying your viewpoints at length. You can write about complex subjects in a letter, essay, or report, highlighting the salient issues. You can adapt your writing style to suit the intended reader.
- Reading - You have the ability to comprehend lengthy and intricate factual and literary texts, appreciating the nuances of style. You can understand specialized articles and technical instructions, even if they are not related to your field.
- Spoken Interaction - You possess the ability to effortlessly participate in any conversation or discussion, and have a strong familiarity with idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. Your fluency allows you to convey precise shades of meaning, and if you encounter any difficulties, you can smoothly backtrack and restructure your thoughts without causing any disruptions.
- Spoken Production - You have the talent to present clear and smoothly-flowing descriptions or arguments in a style that is appropriate for the context. Your effective logical structure helps the recipient to notice and remember significant points, making your communication impactful and memorable.
- Listening - You have no difficulty in understanding any kind of spoken language, whether live or broadcast, even when delivered at fast native speed, provided you have some time to get familiar with the accent. Your ability to comprehend spoken language is unparalleled, making you an excellent listener.
- Writing - You possess the skill to write clear and smoothly-flowing text in an appropriate style. You can write complex letters, reports, or articles that present a case with an effective logical structure, making it easy for the recipient to notice and remember significant points. Additionally, you can write summaries and reviews of professional or literary works with ease.
- Reading - You can read with ease virtually all forms of the written language, including abstract, structurally, or linguistically complex texts such as manuals, specialized articles, and literary works. Your reading comprehension is exceptional, allowing you to absorb information quickly and efficiently.
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